What is "Sao"? An explanation of the origin, history, and color schemes of traditional Chinese colors.

Traditional Chinese Colors
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皂(そう)
Color name皂
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pinyinzao
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What is 皂? Origin and etymology

So is a deep purple or navy color that is very close to black. Its name is said to originate from "sōtou," or acorn, which is the fruit of a plant in the beech family. In ancient times, people sometimes boiled acorn shells and used them as a dye, and the deep, subdued color obtained from this came to be called "so."

Furthermore, the kanji character "皂" can also refer to the legume plant "皁莢 (saikachi)," from which a black dye is extracted. Because it had a cleansing effect like soap, it is also included in the character "剣" (kan) in "ソック" (sekken), meaning soap. Thus, "皂," derived from plant-based dyes, possesses a complex hue that is not simply black, evoking a sense of the profoundness of the natural world.

Historical background of soap

In Chinese history, color often played an important role in indicating social status and rank. Particularly from the Tang Dynasty onward, the attire of government officials was strictly defined by a system called "pinse yi" (clothing of different colors), with purple, crimson (red), green, and blue being used in descending order of rank.

Within this hierarchy of noble colors, "so" (皂) was positioned as a more practical color, not included in the noble color rankings. It was widely used as the color of clothing for lower-ranking officials and commoners. The term "so-ri" (皂吏), meaning "low-ranking official," originates from the fact that they wore simple, so-so colored official attire.

This color, linked to Confucian values that discourage ostentation and value simplicity and strength, has long been deeply rooted in people's lives as a color that symbolizes authority and dignity, yet is also somewhat modest and honest.

Soap in Chinese Art and Crafts

The color "so-pao" (皂碍) holds a particularly important place in Chinese clothing culture. Clothing in this color, known as "so-pao" or "so-yi," was frequently depicted in literature and paintings as typical attire for honest and unpretentious characters such as lower-ranking officials, hermits, or warriors.

Furthermore, black or similar shades of black frequently appear in the stage costumes of traditional performing arts such as Peking Opera. In particular, it is sometimes used to symbolize strict and dignified characters, such as Bao Zheng, the famous judge known for his impartiality.

In the world of ceramics, the deep, lustrous black glaze seen in Tenmoku tea bowls, which flourished during the Song Dynasty, resonates with the profound image of soap. Similarly, in ink painting, where all things are expressed using only black ink, the darkest and deepest shades of ink evoke the serenity and strength of soap.

Light blue-dyed indigo-like fabric, gold robes made with sewn silk. Asago Hikiiri Senkiin, Tadami Domae Sakui.

― Wang Jian

Color scheme preview

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White Text
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Black Text

Soap color scheme proposal

赭 (#99321E)

The combination of the gravitas of the soap-colored ochre and the earthy, powerful red of the reddish-brown creates a color scheme that evokes a sense of historical depth and unwavering authority. It is well suited to traditional architecture and dignified designs.

Tsukihaku (#EAF4FC)

The deep soap-colored hue, combined with the pure, soft light of moonlight, creates an atmosphere reminiscent of a tranquil night sky. It's a very elegant color scheme that conveys calmness and refined intelligence.

Yellow (#FFB61E)

The calming soap-colored base is accented with vibrant oryellow, creating a modern and striking contrast. It's a bold and sophisticated color scheme that blends tradition with a fresh, modern feel.

Practical Scenes

In the world of fashion, using ochre in coats, jackets, and suits gives the wearer a sense of calm and intellectual sophistication. Pairing it with moon-white or silver accessories adds lightness to the rich color, creating a refined impression.

In interior design, using brass or gold accents on large areas such as accent walls in a study or bedroom, or on sofas and curtains, can tighten the overall space and create a sophisticated and calming atmosphere. Adding brass or gold accessories will further enhance the sense of luxury.

In web design and graphic design, using white as a background color makes content stand out and conveys a sense of trustworthiness and expertise to the viewer. By using white or off-white for text colors and ochre or yellow as accent colors, you can create a beautiful page that balances readability and design.

FAQ

❓ Is soap color different from just plain black?

Yes, soap is different from just black.

Soap is a deep, complex shade that is very close to black, but contains subtle nuances of purple and navy. Like the acorns and plant dyes from which its name derives, it reflects the subtle shades of black obtained from natural sources.

❓ What social class was associated with the color "soap"?

Soap was a color mainly used by lower-ranking officials and commoners.

From the Tang Dynasty onward, the colors of officials' attire were strictly determined by their rank. Purple and red were considered colors of high rank, while the soybean color was widely used to represent honesty and simplicity among lower classes and ordinary people. The term "soybean official" (皂吏), which refers to lower-ranking officials, also originates from their attire.

❓ What are the key points when incorporating soap ochre into modern design?

When incorporating the color ochre into modern designs, the key is to utilize its sense of depth and elegance.

In fashion, it can be used in outerwear, and in interior design, it can be used in accent walls or large furniture to create a more refined space. Furthermore, combining it with bright colors like moon white, vibrant colors like ornate yellow, or metallic textures can give a modern and sophisticated impression.

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